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Босилекът като лекарство

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Босилекът като лекарство
Босилек — Ocimum basilicum L.

Сем. Устноцветни — Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

Описание. Едногодишно тревисто растение (прил. 22) с характерен аромат. Стъблото е 20— 60 см високо, четириръбесто, разклонено от основата. Листата са срещуположни, с дълги дръжки, яйцевидни, 3—5 см дълги и 2—2,5 см широки, почти целокрайни или с редки зъбчета. Съцветието е прекъснато класовидно, образувано от малкоцветни прешлени. Цветовете са бели, по-рядко розови. Тичинките стърчат навън от венчето. Плодът след узряване се разпада на 4 чернокафяви  орехчета.  Цъфти   през   юли  и   август. Разпространение. Отглежда се из градините като декоративно растение и подправка. Отечеството му е Азия. Употребяема част. Използува се цъфтящата надземна част (Herba Basilici), отрязана на около 20 см от върха, без долните одървенели части на стъблото. Химичен състав. Съдържа около 1,5% етерично масло с твърде разнообразен състав. Познати са няколко типа етерично масло — със съдържание главно на ли-налоол и метилхавикол или камфора и а -пинен или евгенол и др. В дрогата са установени  сапонини,  танини,  органични киселини, флавоноиди  и  др.   Действие. Противовъзпалително, спазмолитично, апетитовъзбуждащо и други действия, които се дължат на етеричното масло. Приложение. Билката се употребява за възбуждане на апетита, за лечение на хронични колити, гастрити и ентерити (особено придружени от колики). Намира приложение и при кашлица и бронхиална астма. Препоръчва се при възпаление на пикочните пътища, при зъбобол, хрема, ангина. Дрогата влиза в състава на препарати за лечение на кашлица, чревни колики и др. В големи количества може да предизвика отравяне. Начин на употреба. Прилага се под формата на отвара от 1—2 чаени лъжички билка на 250 см3 вода, която се изпива за 1 ден.